http://srraresearch.org/covid daily 0.75 2026-02-26 http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p-ccgyz-l9z2l-8ptn8-nendb-efb7h monthly 0.5 2026-02-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1db8fc38-e88c-4c64-a60d-875b46e7cb1d/Feb1.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1, 2026 Average weekly - 86% Peak Day - Wednesday 96% Low Day - Friday 58% Mandates to return to the office have only had a partial impact on in-office work. The percentage of employees attending the office, adjusted for the increase in the number of office jobs in the downtown between 2020 and 2025, has increased but still remains well below pre-Covid levels. January, for example, only had one day where in-office work peaked at 96% of pre-COVID levels. The New Norm may be hiding in plain sight. Employees are challenging the 9-to-5 notion of in-office hours, and they are turning weekends into longer at-home days but performing in-home work, nonetheless. We observe that since Sept 2025 workers when required to be in-office are either working longer days or shortening them to three or four hours per in-office workday. Data on traffic and transit operations show that the morning peak rush hour is occurring later in the morning and the 5:30 crush hour is now as early as 3:30. The clear implication of this is that in-office attendance, while up, may be masking the fact that considerably more work is actually being done remotely if productivity levels are to be maintained. In response to the demand by employees to work some of the time remotely, even if the demand is muted, employers are reorganizing their office space to minimize cost and maximize productivity. Replacing the old rule of a place for everyone even when they are not in the office means institutionalizing processes like hotelling where employers can lease space at less than full occupancy and at lower density levels. Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p-ccgyz-l9z2l-8ptn8-nendb monthly 0.5 2026-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/becb1b83-4847-4a4d-ad88-9549f081581f/Dec+1.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 1, 2025 (Year End Report) Average weekly - 83% Peak Day - Wednesday 94% Low Day - Friday 53% The return to the office has not changed very much at the end of 2025. Unfulfilled mandates have been rescheduled for 2026, but if history tells us anything change will be gradual. After 5 years of meticulously preparing this measure of in-office work in downtown Toronto we can say with assurance that we still have not landed on a new normal. Several trends have emerged, OFFICE SPACE The death of office space as predicted by many outside the commercial office investment business has not occurred. Supply is shrinking, rates are climbing and investors in “AAA” buildings are again considering building new sustainable projects to meet demand. OFFICE PREMISES Tenants are reconfiguring space to allow for a portion of remote work while optimising the cost of office premises. How this will encourage or discourage in-office work is yet to be determined and is worth watching through 2026. CONGESTION When employees choose to work remotely on Monday and Friday it makes for havoc on the streets and transit operators. Employers need to address this problem asap. RETAIL trends before COVID are resurfacing while retailers continue to cope with the mid-week bubble in traffic. Emerging businesses which are occupying space at higher levels than the rest are providing some optimism. Next Index – February 2nd, 2026. Have a productive and prosperous New Year Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p-ccgyz-l9z2l-8ptn8 monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/27f52b8c-312a-4563-8326-9c0d209cdb37/Nov+15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 15, 2025 Average weekly - 82% Peak Day - Wednesday 92% Low Day - Friday 52% Prior to the COVID pandemic most companies did not track in-office attendance the way they are today. The assumption was that employees were in the office unless they were traveling on business or away on holidays or other well-established reasons for not being in the office. Planning an employee’s office use was simply a matter of allocating a desk for everyone. This has dramatically changed. Hotelling, meaning employees do not have the same desk or office everyday, means that employees have to book one when they are in the office. Where a sizeable amount of remote work is permitted hotelling is becoming the norm. In theory this should work, but when employees choose to work remotely on Monday and Friday and return to in-office work in numbers on only Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, hotelling its not working well. We see the concentration of in-office work in the middle of the week as a serious problem for employers who are trying to maximize their office space. It is also an ongoing issue for transit planning, road congestion and retail sales in the downtown area. More on this in the next Index Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p-ccgyz-l9z2l monthly 0.5 2025-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f6846415-967b-48cf-915c-a7c5ecf5c690/Nov1.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 1, 2025 Average weekly - 82% Peak Day - Wednesday 92% Low Day - Friday 53% The impact of “return to office mandates” may be most closely felt in crowded offices. Many report that there isn’t enough office space to go around on the busy days. Vacancy rates are plummeting in the “AAA” and “A” class buildings forcing some tenants to source new space to accommodate the return spikes. Through the early days of the pandemic many tenants shed some of their office space, that combined with recent job growth in most sectors is creating unintended consequence. Tenants are finding themselves scrambling to accommodate the return especially mid week. The full effect of mandates is still not being felt in “C” class space and in the 905. They are reducing vacancy but not in significant numbers. The mandates are driving more back to the office but the space employees enjoyed in the past is not what they used to. More on this in coming editions of the Index. Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p-ccgyz monthly 0.5 2025-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/79b258c1-8918-4477-bfd1-04daae72a2dd/Graph.jpg COVID - Occupancy Index - October 15, 2025 Average weekly - 81% Peak Day - Wednesday 90% Low Day - Friday 56% Fridays and Mondays are becoming much busier in downtown Toronto driving the Occupancy Index up. It isn’t just the Blue Jays winning ways (GO JAYS) but it appears that the mandates driving more in office work is building attendance at the beginning of the week and at the end. This trend is likely a result of mid week congestion on the roads and unacceptable commute times on transit. We are also hearing stories and getting some data on companies struggling to provide desk space for returning workers. The outcome of this trend will suit commercial property owners and is leading to lower vacancy rates in almost all classes of office space. Data for early October sees both of these trends continuing. Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm-ejj4p monthly 0.5 2025-10-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/26ce4480-3d39-4821-b7b7-d6df6831961f/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-09-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 15, 2025 Average weekly - 79% Peak Day - Wednesday 89% Low Day - Friday 54% The Index is trending upward early in September, and we expect that to continue through the balance of the month and into October. However, more significantly is the actual number of employees working in office buildings. Office tenants are growing and hiring more people. This combined with less remote work is driving the increase in the total number of employees commuting to the downtown core. Vacancy rates in downtown office buildings are declining, especially in the “AAA” class buildings. Some are speculating that new office projects may be started in the near future. Enjoy the ‘Articles of Interest’ below. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg-zttlm monthly 0.5 2025-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c59b1814-5420-450d-b8f9-51fa17d1b3bb/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-09-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 1, 2025 Average weekly - 76% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 47% It is not surprising that since remote work became possible for many during COVID that the summer months have not reflected the increased desire of employers to have more in office attendance. The data reflects this trend. Fridays and Mondays continue to be poor attendance days. At the same time mid-week attendance this summer remains unchanged in the high 80% range. For mandates calling for more than 75% in-office work to be successful there will have to be an increase in office attendance on Mondays and Fridays. Early data for the first two weeks of September suggests this may be the case. Enjoy the Articles of Interest below Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss-mlgeg monthly 0.5 2025-09-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/b41b41e7-a5ae-4774-942f-d36e7d63d13f/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-08-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 15, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 52% Fall has become the time when companies and their employees change the amount of time spent in the office. In 2023, 2924, and this year to date, the Index shows little change between May and September, however, in the Fall policy and the way it is implemented has resulted in an increase in in-office hours per week. Many companies have announced new policy, some with a component of remote work and some suggesting that by the end of 2026 little if any remote work will be permitted. Given the number of companies who are not requiring change at this time, we still see the Index peeking at between 80% and 85% by Christmas and beyond. We shall see if this is the case as the data comes in.. Enjoy the Articles of Interest below Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr-bbcss monthly 0.5 2025-08-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/8e72db4f-e4e8-4eb5-a0c9-70cc31cc3bfe/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-08-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 1, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 52% An increasing number of institutional employers are requiring more in-office attendance. Mandate announcements are being made almost daily, (see the Articles of Interest section below), this is not a new phenomenon. Summer has been the season for return to the office mandates since the beginning of COVID. Many of those early mandates to return to in-office work never materialized as intended. This Fall may be different, Many of today’s mandates are qualified with a component of remote work permitted. The impact on the Index may not be much more than a modest increase, however, many of these mandates also suggest that remote work will be severely curtailed in 2026. Enjoy the Articles of Interest below Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c-lx7jr monthly 0.5 2025-08-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/ed27195f-ffde-47d1-9dae-d0976f081c5d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-07-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 15, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 51% No statistically relevant change to the Index through the middle of July. We do adjust the Index to account for summer holidays as we have in previous years. The Index reflects the percentage of those who are working and not absent for traditional reasons. We expect this to continue through to the middle of August. Overall foot traffic and transit use by commuters is lower but not as a result of increased remote work. We are tracking new tenancies and, as reported in the last Index, tenants who are expanding their office footprint and hiring new employees appear to be building into their plans a factor for some remote work. This would indicate that occupancy levels in leased office space may be higher than pre-pandemic occupancy because the remote workforce isn’t calculated into the amount of leased office space. If this trend continues as companies reconfigure their office needs, the Occupancy Index will increase as will the aggregate number of employees working downtown. Enjoy the Articles of Interest below Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh-xlh7c monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/16e8ae6a-5057-456c-9b23-ce029add3c29/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-07-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 1, 2025 Average weekly - 77% Peak Day - Wednesday 86% Low Day - Friday 50% Office leasing activity especially in the “AAA” class buildings has increased in the first 6 months of 2025 which will lead to greater occupancy levels in the Fall. New tenants have already factored in remote work and have adjusted occupancy accordingly. The result of more leased space in the downtown will be higher levels of actual occupancy. Traditional institutional tenants are planning more in-office work this Fall and, in some cases, this will put pressure on their office space needs. This trend will not immediately impact the Index this summer, but the increased leasing activity will lead to more people coming downtown to work. This is good news for transit operators, retailers servicing the core and the market for condos. More on this trend throughout the summer. Enjoy the Articles of Interest below Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw-erewh monthly 0.5 2025-07-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/cd2f970d-3650-41c3-b2c3-90a615e92291/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-06-15++.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 15, 2025 Average weekly - 77% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 49% We have been reporting a levelling off in the last 3 months and it continues. This is not surprising and follows a pattern similar to 2023 and 2024. Two trends are emerging. Some in-office employees are not spending the entire day in the office choosing to complete tasks at home and travelling during traditional off-peak hours. This trend is not impacting the Index, but it is shifting the flow of commuter travel from traditional hours to earlier in the afternoon and later in the morning. The second trend, the relaxation of return to the office mandates during the summer is not new either. We have observed this trend before, however, that was when the Index was much lower and the threat of returning COVID meant that the mandated returns did not fully materialize. This time may be different. Through the summer we will dig deeper into the numbers to see where an increase may occur. Early June data continues to see a leveling off of in-office work. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk-64thw monthly 0.5 2025-06-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/862d91e3-d63b-4cfe-95e6-7e9268c1e3e2/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-06-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 1, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 52% The index is beginning to show signs of levelling in the last 3 months. Ridership on the downtown subway line 1, is also showing signs of leveling off. While ridership elsewhere is almost back to pre-COVID use. More importantly, time spend in the office during the workday has become more irregular. People are either coming in off or leaving during nontraditional peak traffic hours. The old 9-to-5 norm is clearly changing as a result of flexible time in the office. This is leading to new peak times for auto traffic and subway use. Hotly debated in recent articles of interest and interviews is the changing approach to remote work in highly competitive financial services sector in urban markets like New York, London, Paris, San Francisco and Toronto especially amongst new workers in the workplace. Expect this trend to heighten as CEOs demand more in-office work putting pressure on more established workers. Early June data continues to see a leveling off of in-office work. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga-yy6dk monthly 0.5 2025-06-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/81e075ec-33a7-4628-a70a-ed3e310a31ee/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-05-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 15, 2025 Average weekly - 79% Peak Day - Wednesday 89% Low Day - Friday 55% The ‘Articles of Interest’ section below provides examples of the continuing struggle by employers to reduce remote work and the impact of remote work on converting redundant class “C” office buildings. Repurposing outdated office structures is not new, however, the post COVID environment tends to attribute conversions to remote work. The Articles on this subject all involve buildings which were heading toward conversion before increase of remote work. The Index at 79% of in-office work relative to pre-COVID levels is likely to remain at close to this number throughout the summer. Change in September, if it comes, will likely occur in companies who are substantially below this number currently. Stay tuned… Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/athkse4wlhk68ga monthly 0.5 2025-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/64fdb4ce-78ca-419a-83ac-2e6900bc7487/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-05-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 1, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 89% Low Day - Friday 50% Policy governing where you work is maturing in most organizations. The advocates of remote work and those who believe in more in-office work are starting to reach a medium ground. Prior to COVID the estimate of work done remotely by office workers was 5%. Some new economy employers permitted significant percentage of remote work and traditional organizations permitted none. Based on the data to date, we can see the majority of companies who rely on work done in offices now permitting some remote work on an ongoing basis with the average amount of remote work growing to at least 15% over all companies. That number could easily reach 25%. At 78% the current Index for Toronto indicates the amount of remote work done by office-based employees could become a permanent change from before COVID of over 20%. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e-b37c6-36k3z-t374n-ze5rf-964pd monthly 0.5 2025-05-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f66fa05c-6149-4a78-9ebc-05bb3039f011/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-04-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 15, 2025 Average weekly - 78% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 51% We continue to see a trend toward more in-office work. The economy is suffering from uncertainty and with it more job instability, we are hearing that being present in the office is becoming a hedge against possible job loss. This trend emerged prior to the March break, and we think it is contributing to more in-office work for those who feel their job is at risk. Data through the balance of April confirms this trend. In the institutional sectors the amount of in-office work has levelled off significantly. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e-b37c6-36k3z-t374n-ze5rf monthly 0.5 2025-04-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/8bfb4d67-073e-4550-9036-7447223ecb56/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-04-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 1, 2025 Average weekly - 77% Peak Day - Wednesday 85% Low Day - Friday 52% The Index has resumed its upward climb, albeit slowly. Data from the early part of April indicates the trend to returning to the office will continue especially in sectors where a competitive job market exists. In the institutional sectors the amount of in-office work has levelled off significantly. The uncertainty around the economy and the future stability of employment may be having an impact on the amount of in-office work for those at risk. It is too early to tell if this is a lasting trend. As we stated in the last Index congestion on roads will not abate on its own or as a result of an economic downturn. The City of Toronto has taken well placed steps to mitigate traffic delays, but more work is needed and continues to be a priority. As was stated in our Forum in January significant relief from congestion only comes with more efficient, convenient and reliable transit. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e-b37c6-36k3z-t374n monthly 0.5 2025-04-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/fc10899d-217d-47dd-99e6-64c763f8e4e4/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-03-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 15, 2025 Average weekly - 76% Peak Day - Wednesday 85% Low Day - Friday 51% The March break is often a time when people take time off with kids and grand kids. The Index clearly reflects that trend in in-office work. Early numbers for April suggests that this will be temporary. The April 15th Index to be published at the beginning of May, will likely show a significant increase in in-office work. There is little question that job uncertainty is behind more in-office work as we suggested it might be in the last Index. That trend will find its way into the Index late in March or early April. Regardless of how the economy fares over the next few months we believe that congestion will not abate and that solutions to moving people and goods and services around the Region continues to be a priority. Look for more on this in the next Forum scheduled for late May. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/2025/4/1/pv6q9l3hjz8du7wh2hyg4o7zby9fnq monthly 0.5 2025-04-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/07867854-6709-48fd-96ff-7fe13ea3ff7f/Occupancy+Index+-+March+1st++2025+POST.jpg COVID - Occupancy Index - March 1, 2025 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e-b37c6-36k3z monthly 0.5 2025-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/94947d25-86fa-46f7-8516-f27d9710ee24/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-02-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15th, 2025 Average weekly - 75% Peak Day - Wednesday 87% Low Day - Friday 48% 2025 started out being the year when we established a new normal for where people worked and that is starting to unfold. Recently though, serious questions about the immediate future of the economy have trumped that discussion. As one reader of this report pointed out last week, ‘at least we can see the Index showing signs of reaching a plateau’ as it seems to hover around the mid-70s’. In further interviews, uncertainty in the job market and the economy at large, may drive a higher level of in-office work. The evidence isn’t there yet and we may not see it as we head into the March Break, but the data in April is likely to be very important. Don’t expect much change from the mid to high 70s until then. The “Articles of Interest” is back. We have included articles about congestion and transit-oriented development (TOD) as a result of your suggestions. Your SRRA Team, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/67a089d6-583b-43c8-92c2-36acc2db69ee/Occupancy+Index+-+March+1st++2025+POST.jpg COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15th, 2025 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e-b37c6 monthly 0.5 2025-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/aef90224-f5b7-4eb6-af69-cc221b73fde0/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2025-02-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1, 2025 Average weekly - 74% Peak Day - Wednesday 86% Low Day - Friday 47% The Index did not move significantly over the holiday season or into the early weeks of January. However, it has shown signs that employers are seeing more in-office work toward the end of January. This Index features a summary of the 19th Forum conducted on January 24th, 2025, with over ninety partners and associates of SRRA discussing the post COVID Impact of Remote Work on Cities and Congestion. A summary of the Forum is reprinted below. The “Articles of Interest” feature returns in the next Index. Best wishes for a healthy and prosperous New Year. Your SRRA team Beyond COVID: Lessons learned from the Occupancy Index and The Root Causes of Congestion Strategic Regional Research Alliance held its 19th Forum on 24 January 2025. Partners and guests attended in person and remotely by Zoom. Detailed copies of the Forum Summary are available to members and associates of SRRA. Reprinted below is a summary of the Forum. Many of the challenges facing the region – housing availability and affordability, road congestion and sub-optimal transit use - existed before COVID and have been accelerated and made more pressing post COVID. A few new issues have arisen that will have a permanent impact. The Forum concluded that COVID has entrenched some permanent remote work and triggered changes in travel choices and frequency that combine to increase road congestion and commute times. While remote work is in the process of establishing a ‘new norm,’ there are many well researched evidence-based solutions to mitigating the negative impacts of congestion. What is needed now, is action to implement these solutions. Here are the summary highlights from each Session. Session One: The “New Norm” for remote work The closing of the workplace brought on by COVID has impacted downtown retail businesses, accelerated on-line shopping, refocused transit use and forced employers to rethink the use and configuration of office space. The return to the office has been steady. Claims during the height of the COVID lock-down about the end of office space have been replaced by a more nuanced application of remote work and an overhaul of many office premises. As of December, the Occupancy Index is at 73%. At 85% it is reasonable to assume a ‘new norm’ has taken place. At 85% there will not be a significant drop in demand for offices, retail dependent on office workers will have adjusted and transit operators will have reorganized around new peak hour travel times. To complete the transition their needs be a heightened emphasis on creating accessible and affordable housing near transportation networks to reduce commute times and support population and employment growth with minimal impact of road use. Session Two: The Root Causes of Congestion High density urban regions worldwide have faced congestion on roads for centuries. The Greater Toronto Region is currently plagued by extreme road use and ever-increasing travel times. Ancient Rome was congested. Nineteenth Century London and New York were congested as are the roads in today’s suburban Paris. Congestion is part of large urban region life, and 21st century cities are no exception to this rule. It is a sign of a City’s attractiveness and success. But the issue is how much is too much and what is the tipping point where congestion has net negative impacts? The Fundamental Problem with Roads Successful cities attract people, businesses and other activities, and the growth in population and economic activity will generally be faster than transportation infrastructure supply can keep up with. Congestion is what engineers call a “non-linear phenomenon.” For quite some time, as traffic volumes increase, delays only increase marginally, as excess capacity is gradually used up. However, there is a “tipping point” beyond which delays increase exponentially and at a much faster rate than the population and associated traffic growth. Toronto passed that “tipping point” some time ago, and we are now very much experiencing the ramifications of rapid growth in time to travel anywhere and at more times of the week. We can never build enough infrastructure to meet peak demands. This would be both economically and practically infeasible. Thus, successful cities will, inevitably, be congested. The challenge is to build transit alternatives to the road and plan for increased capacity to mitigate the worst consequences of growth. In the 1950s and 1960s the City of Toronto built for the 1980s but stopped adding to rapid transit in the 1970s. This meant subsequent was 100% reliant on roads. The recent investment in new subways and some bus routes has failed to fill this gap. As a result, Toronto will continue to fall behind as the region grows. Immediate solutions to rising congestion lie in maximizing road capacity for essential services, and traditional modes of travel. But even more important is to maximize the capacity of the existing transit capacity. Action of both fronts needs to be a priority at all levels of government http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k-89j9e monthly 0.5 2025-01-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/45125890-1997-4202-abe6-7a4169b5bf4a/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-12-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 1, 2024 Average weekly - 73% Peak Day - Wednesday 86% Low Day - Friday 44% REGISTER FOR THE NINETEENTH FORUM Impact of Remote Work on Cities and Congestion. Hear experts forecast the future of remote work and solutions for congestion January 24th 9:30 to 12:30. Details for registration are available on our website. November closed out with modest increase in peak day occupancy. As stated in the last Index, December is a month when consistent data is difficult to obtain and the return to the office is normally reduced due to statutory and personal holidays. As a result, we will not publish the Index for the month of December. Late November trends and interviews continue to suggest that the upward trend in occupancy in 2025 will be maintained. The next Index will feature the post holiday data and be published in early February. Enjoy this week’s Articles of Interest. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8-h4t7k monthly 0.5 2024-12-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/29383ba9-28e9-4221-b4bd-ab9d7dce4213/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-11-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 15, 2024 Average weekly - 73% Peak Day - Wednesday 84% Low Day - Friday 44% November continues to see a modest increase in the return to the office and we expect the data will confirm that trend into December and the holidays. We will be producing one more Index for the balance of November. In the past December is a month when consistent data is difficult to obtain and the return to the office is normally reduced due to statutory and personal holidays. As a result, we will not publish the Index for the month of December. We continue to plan a Forum on the 24th of January on the Impact of Remote Work on Cities and Congestion, the two most pressing issues our data providers are requesting. If you are interested and would like to attend and/or comment, please let us know by return email. Enjoy this week’s Articles of Interest. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a-9scr8 monthly 0.5 2024-12-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/0cfcaf59-ff07-4729-81fe-c51308f9a16d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-11-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 1, 2024 Average weekly - 72% Peak Day - Wednesday 84% Low Day - Friday 43% TTC subway ridership growth relative to pre-pandemic levels in the downtown core is recovering well. Union station’s ridership on the subway exceeds pre-pandemic levels by over 8%. This is good news for the TTC and reflects the consistent trend shown in the Occupancy Index. It also mirrors the daily data for Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. Subway ridership (over 80% relative to pre-COVID use) exceeds the Occupancy Index during the weekday and is attributable to the growth of residential living and tourism in the heart of the city post COVID. Through November there appears to be a continued increase in the return to the office. We expect the Index to peak during November with the normal decline in December. We continue to hear your thoughts on the impact of congestion on the commute and your ideas on solutions. SRRA will conduct a conference on January 24th on the Index and congestion solutions with expert panels on both subjects, please indicate your interest in attending by reply email. Enjoy this week’s Articles Your SRRA Team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r-hkn3a monthly 0.5 2024-11-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/bc30c2fc-078b-4d0b-ab0c-59ec06156c9f/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-10-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 15, 2024 Average weekly - 72 Peak Day - Wednesday 83% Low Day - Friday 41% Thanksgiving through Christmas marks a busy time for business. The Index continues to monitor more attendance in offices downtown. The Articles of Interest, this week, reflect strengthening commercial office market trends. Issues raised during the height of COVID, ‘do we need office space’ and ‘the conversion frenzy’ are beginning to wane as markets recover and employees are spending more and more time in the office. Congestion, however, continues to increase in the region largely due to population growth. Political attention on this issue is narrowly focused on the fight over bike lanes when the experts are calling for more attention to improving public transit. More transit use frees up space on our roads a win-win for both drivers and commuters. The low hanging fruit in the region is maximizing and coordinating all our transit networks. Stay tuned for an announcement of a conference hosted by SRRA in the New Year on the Index and Congestion Solutions. Enjoy this week’s Articles Your SRRA Team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf-p4n5r monthly 0.5 2024-10-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/309897db-1cb2-438b-968c-86b3c7391e97/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-10-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 1, 2024 Average weekly - 71 Peak Day - Wednesday 81% Low Day - Friday 41% The Index is the measure of the number of people who are in the office compared to those who are working remotely, with the exception, of people who are not in the office for reasons such as business travel, holidays, sick days etc. The Index is now at a point where on average employees who have the choice between performing daily work tasks at home or in the office are now in the office 3.5 days a week. Our data shows that there is a higher number of people who are in the office 5 days a week than attend the office less than 1 day. While mandates to return to the office are still not being adhered to universally, they are having greater impact this Fall. The days employees are attending the office is beginning to balance out as this Index’s data shows. Friday remains the lowest in-office day, but Mondays are showing more activity in downtown Toronto. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f-ym7jf monthly 0.5 2024-10-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/b7c51a82-dcfd-4020-9af9-f3753bf0bdd7/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-09-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 15, 2024 Average weekly - 69% Peak Day - Wednesday 79% Low Day - Friday 39% We are often asked ‘how does the Occupancy Index in Toronto compare with other cities’? While that is difficult to research accurately due to the lack of comparable data, a group in London has put together a data rich analysis which is part of this weeks Articles of Interest below. The trend is clearly toward more in-office work particularly for organizations who are competing globally in rapidly growing and competitive industries. The week is beginning to balance out as this Index’s data shows. Friday remains the lowest in office day, but Mondays are showing more activity in downtown Toronto. Look forward to both of these trends continuing. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck-b499f monthly 0.5 2024-09-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/dce09e4b-e251-466c-9707-5c6b3737cb33/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-09-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 1, 2024 Average weekly - 67% Peak Day - Wednesday 78% Low Day - Friday 35% The slow down in the return to the office in the summer comes as no surprise. Early data in September, however, has some interesting new developments. Most notably the increase in both Mondays and Fridays, we expect to report more on this in the next Index. Companies are beginning to implement policies with a noticeable increase in in-office work and the data is beginning to show that. The number one objection to returning to the office we are observing is the length of time it takes to commute. Road blockages, due to construction, maintenance and other factors are central to the conversation in the news today. This is only part of the problem. Transit operators are increasingly challenged to provide better service a critical component of the commute. More transit use less congestion on the roads. Please feel free to send in your comments and thoughts on these important challenges facing the region. They will be treated in confidence and will contribute to the research SRRA is conducting on solutions. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b-ykdck monthly 0.5 2024-08-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/85e5e2f7-52a5-4afa-b3d8-9bd3ed1bffeb/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-08-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 1, 2024 Average weekly - 68% Peak Day - Wednesday 77% Low Day - Friday 38% The Index has remained steady at or near 67% for most part of the summer. This apparent levelling off of in-office work is consistent with the trends of the past two summers. Looking into the tea leaves we do expect the Index to show peak days over 80% in the near future with a weekly average reaching into the 70% range. Employers have more confidence in a higher amount of office attendance in the Fall. Congestion continues to paralyze the entire region and impact not only the return to in-office work but mobility for any purpose. Your comments have been coming in steadily and reveal a frustration with mobility in the Region and a concern that not much is being done about it. Road blockages, due to construction, maintenance and other factors mask the reality that roads have a finite capacity in any major city in the world when population densities reach the levels Toronto has experienced for decades now. The cause of congestion is a result of population intensification, underinvestment in alternatives to the car, and no long-term strategy to move goods and services efficiently. Please feel free to send in your comments and thoughts on these important challenges facing the region. They will be treated in confidence and will contribute to the research SRRA is conducting on solutions. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8-6jz7b monthly 0.5 2024-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/8ab673c5-0adc-48cb-9494-9232549bbe5d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-06-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 15, 2024 Average weekly - 67% Peak Day - Wednesday 77% Low Day - Friday 36% Summer is holiday time which in the past has resulted in a plateauing effect on the Occupancy Index. So far, this summer appears to be no exception. In calculating the Index, we have accounted for vacation time, but in previous years we have heard from our data sources that the real reason the Index levels off in the summer is a general relaxation of in-office policies. We will see if that occurs this summer. We thought you would be interested in some of the research on congestion that SRRA is conducting. Recently, some public commentators have suggested that more people are driving to work than before COVID causing the intolerable levels of congestion, not only in downtown Toronto but on the highways across the Region. The question is why and what drives these choices. Our research suggests that the problem outside of Toronto’s business district is the lack of alternatives rather than a deliberate decision to drive. In downtown, however, surface parking spaces for commuters have been in consistent decline for 25 years, leading to the conclusion that post COVID, a strategy for improving the movement of goods and services would likely have a greater impact on congestion than efforts to further restrict parking. If you have thoughts and or data on this issue, let us know. Please feel free to send in your comments and thoughts on these important challenges facing the region. They will be treated in confidence and are very much appreciated. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k-l7gm8 monthly 0.5 2024-06-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/dd753fbf-03bd-412c-9022-c82269b5144e/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-06-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 1, 2024 Average weekly - 67% Peak Day - Wednesday 77% Low Day - Friday 37% Office attendance reached two/thirds of pre-pandemic levels for the first time since the outbreak of COVID. This benchmark may very well be the standard throughout the summer. Companies continue to adjust in-office policy to balance culture and productivity with the personal benefits of remote work enjoyed by their employees. We have received numerous comments about the daily commute. They highlight road congestion as the number one issue, whether is by bike, bus, subway, car hire or personal automobile travel, commute times appear to be rising. More and more of you say it’s a major inhibitor for those who can choose what day tho come to the office or whether to come at all. SRRA is continuing research on reducing congestion and improving the daily commute. Please feel free to send in your comments and thoughts on these important challenges facing the region. They will be treated in confidence and are very much appreciated. We will be highlighting some of the research throughout the summer…. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z-y5s8k monthly 0.5 2024-06-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/520e010e-8e07-40a2-a98b-7c7cc5aeca6d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-05-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 15, 2024 Average weekly - 65% Peak Day - Wednesday 75% Low Day - Friday 37% Not a great deal of change in the first two weeks of May. We have been asking contributors to comment on the commute to the office. Though not a sophisticated survey and comments are often personal in nature, the overwhelming response is that road congestion is intolerable and getting worse. The first link in the Articles of Interest section below is a summary of the some of the solutions being put in place by the City of Toronto to help move traffic along. SRRA is continuing research on reducing congestion and improving the daily commute. Please feel free to send in your comments and thoughts on these important challenges facing the region. They will be treated in confidence and are very much appreciated. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc-z7n9z monthly 0.5 2024-05-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/34909512-ed80-44ac-8b16-9c05533c1b97/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-05-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 1, 2024 Average weekly - 65% Peak Day - Wednesday 74% Low Day - Friday 38% There was very little change in the data for the last 2 weeks of April. Tuesday and Thursday are increasing but the peak day remains Wednesday. Fridays showed a slight decrease while Mondays increased by 3 points. Those employees who are not in the office due to holidays, business travel, sick days etc. and are working outside of the office is almost a third of the office-based workforce. We expect that with new workplace attendance policies gradually coming into effect over the spring and summer, we expect the out of office workforce to be decrease to approximately 25%. The most frequently asked question is, ‘what does the Index mean’ The Index is a measure of how many people are coming into the office relative to the number who would have come to the office to work prior to the COVID shutdown in early 2022. Should the Index reach 75% that would mean the average employee is now working one out of every four days at home, whereas before COVID they would have worked a 5-day week in the office. If you require more clarification, please contact us. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg-w6wzc monthly 0.5 2024-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f8868c68-b227-4b38-86d8-43fcc1d85dd7/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-04-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 15, 2024 Average weekly - 64% Peak Day - Wednesday 74% Low Day - Friday 39% The return to the office has not yet plateaued in Toronto. Some downtowns in North America are experiencing a levelling-off of occupancy in office buildings related to remote work but this does not reflect the experience in Toronto’s downtown core. Some recent alarmist commentary has reflected a limited historical appreciation of the Toronto commercial real estate market. The recent vacancy rates in downtown Toronto have never come close to the vacancy of 24% recorded in 1994. Vacancy then was enhanced by a world-wide trend of relocating back-office space to low-cost markets often off-shore. That trend had a disruptive impact on the market in Toronto’s Financial District in the late 1980s and early 1990s and ultimately contributed to an explosion of new office space in the 905 (See SRRA’s video: “Region in Transition” at https://srraresearch.org/a-region-in-transition-2014). Both the recent high vacancy and that in the mid-1990s occurred alongside supply issues, which the industry has always managed as part of doing business. The impact of remote-work to date has not been nearly as significant as the movement of back-office space from downtowns to low cost back-office markets was in the past. Nor, we believe, will it prove to be as structurally enduring. Vacancy in office space has levelled off and absorption figures are reducing vacancy in prime buildings. Mondays are beginning to show signs of increased activity as CEOs increasingly require employees to make one of their “minimum of three days in the office” a Monday (or a Friday). Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w-fxgrg monthly 0.5 2024-04-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/725008d8-d3c8-402a-a125-636748d1c497/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-04-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 1, 2024 Average weekly - 62% Peak Day - Wednesday 71% Low Day - Friday 37% The last week in March saw renewed activity downtown reflected in this month’s Index; we expect that to continue in April. Our anniversary series of commentaries continues. Last week we prepared commentary on who is coming back to the office. The third of these commentaries addresses mobility challenges and the impact of COVID on congestion. We hope these expand commentaries will be useful for you. Congestion is unacceptably high in all parts of the region and getting worse. At critical times of the day, roads are almost impassable, and transit is operating well below capacity. Travel patterns have changed. Remote work may appear to be allowing for less congestion in transit but certainly not on roads. Solving extreme congestion is now even more complicated because people’s workday travel plans are less predictable. At the outset of the pandemic those who choose to travel abandoned public transit and resorted to a higher use of the automobile. This worked well when the Index was below 25% but as the return to the office everywhere in the region accelerated through the summer of 2023 the roads began to approach unacceptable levels not found since before the 2020 lockdown. In the downtown core of the city there is a finite inventory of parking spaces which, in theory, should keep congestion down. Try to explain that to drivers taking an hour to travel 2 kilometers. In the suburban areas of the region there is very little if any transit network connectivity to provide relief to highway congestion. Is the answer to divert the movement of goods and service to low peak use of roads or create opportunities for centres where delivery companies can drop off and redistribute goods more efficiently and conveniently in highly dense areas? Construction restrictions on road use, signaling enhancements, ramp access, and other traffic solutions are being explored throughout the region. In some cases, municipalities are making great strides. But the impact of these improvements is minimal. Experts from many cities agree: roads have a finite capacity and when density in cities increases, roads have limits. The simple answer to congestion is for travellers to use other modes of travel than the car. Sounds easy enough. Remote work may ease congestion on transit and to a lesser degree on roads, but remote work at the levels we see in the Index will not have the same impact as efficient and robust public transit networks. Remote work has not been cited in most studies because the impact on where and how people travel has yet to become apparent. The landscape keeps changing. Toronto is experiencing population and employment growth at unprecedented levels. This presents challenges and opportunities. Improvements in road management are always welcome and that will help but unless there are convenient and accessible alternatives things won’t get better. The major challenge is to transit operators, starved for both ridership and operating revenue, is keeping pace with growth. The simple fact of the matter is we need to support transit operators and find ways to increase transit use. Remote work won’t have much of a real impact on the continued intensification of this city and the region, but population growth will. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg-7bp5w monthly 0.5 2024-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f098dc43-c187-42f7-b66c-939861c6871e/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-03-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 15, 2024 Average weekly - 59% Peak Day - Wednesday 68% Low Day - Friday 37% Your SRRA team. A Mid-March Drop If the Index was intended for on-going analysis over a longer period of time, we could apply a seasonally adjusted component to account for significant holiday periods like the Mid-March school break, but we have not and therefore the data for the 1st two weeks of March shows a significant, but reasonable and explainable, drop in line with the same period in 2023. Our anniversary series of commentaries continues. Last week we prepared commentaries based on our articles from around the world and research here on the future of office space markets. This week we have prepared commentary on who is coming back to the office. The third of these commentaries will be included with the April 1st Index and will address mobility challenges and the impact of COVID on congestion. We hope these expand commentaries will be useful for you. Who is leading or trailing the Index? When we started to collect data at the outset of the pandemic, we made a commitment to every data contributor that we would respect their confidentiality. As a result, our comments in this summary will be deliberately very general. Few companies measured how many employees were in the office on a daily basis before the pandemic making the initial collection of data difficult and leaving the on an on-going post-pandemic basis measurement of remote work without a benchmark. To this day, there are many different ways companies are measuring the return to the office and just as many policies related to when, and how much, remote work is allowed. Equally uncertain is how many of the mandates regarding in-office work are being followed especially when there are few discernible penalties for non-compliance. This uncertainty makes predicting long term trends still very difficult. What we do know of the return is that employees are still largely making their own decisions. This is most apparent in situations where there is either a competitive challenge to retaining the job or a job where competitive success measures are a factor in job performance. In large institutional entities, where there are widely different job functions, the return is uneven determined at the lower management level. Mid-sized companies in highly competitive market situations are clearly leading the return to the office. Since the removal of government restrictions on travel and congregation, the return to the office has steadily increased in most cases. However, we are seeing a leveling off in large institutional settings where job functions are at less risk and accommodating the benefits of not commuting to the office – family organization, elder care etc. – are, and will likely continue to be, allowed as long as productivity can be retained. This levelling phenomena may last for some time. Personal networking to build corporate culture continues to be a challenge with large scale remote work. Some argue, however, that the younger generation is far more adapt at networking through technology rather than in person. How far this goes to lessen the degree to which work is performed in an office environment is again too early to tell. What is evident is that individuals with established business networks, clients and colleagues are more likely to embrace remote work. What the data shows is companies with an abundance of either established networks or emerging new networks in technology are more likely to have a higher degree of remote work. Finally, weak attendance on Monday and Friday is starting to become a problem for many companies. To counter this we are beginning to see Mondays and Fridays included with mandates to return to the office. The immediate impact of this on employee acceptance is still to be determined. Knowing if spreading the week back out to five days is going to occur will shed more light on how the Hybrid Model evolves. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g-5epkg monthly 0.5 2024-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/079fa2d9-ea66-4e39-b78a-112169a0478d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-03-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 1, 2024 Average weekly - 63% Peak Day - Wednesday 73% Low Day - Friday 40% Anniversary Index – continued increase in downtown office occupancy. For the next few Indexes, we have prepared commentaries based on our articles from around the world and research here in Toronto which we believe are the three key takeaways from the four years of COVID impact on downtown Toronto. First office space; then who is coming back to the office; and finally, new mobility challenges and the impact of congestion. But first: Challenges for the Office Industry It has been a perfect storm for the office space industry since March 2020. In the beginning, building managers had to find ways to accommodate access to buildings while maintaining safety for workers and conforming to evolving public safety requirements. We then experienced a flood of new construction planned and initiated before the pandemic, which caused an immediate, significant increase in vacancy. This all combined with a plethora of sublets, very few of which were taken up and a new-found interest by major news outlets in the health of office industry. All of this led the general public to conclude that office buildings were a thing of the past. The business world was also challenged from geo-political disruption and trends towards deglobalization, a transformation in the digital economy, rising interest rates to combat inflation, policy initiatives to decarbonize built form, and finally, uncertainty over the extent to which remote work would have long-term impacts. Safe to say that the last four years were not a great time to be in the office industry. Industry leaders are now saying at conferences and in interviews worldwide that we have reached the point where confidence is returning, and the commercial office industry is making the adjustments needed to rebound. In other words, we have reached an inflection point in the commercial real estate world of peaks and valleys. Most markets have stabilized from high vacancy levels which were high but not the highest: the mid-1990s earned that dubious honour. Businesses are working through needs for in-office accommodation, redundant buildings have been identified, many of these are being repurposed. The role of cities has always been to connect people, and role of the office building in doing so will continue to be an important part of downtowns like Toronto’s, notwithstanding the appeal of remote work for those who can. In the next two Indexes we will comment on: · Leaders in the return to the office. · Challenges of post pandemic mobility & congestion. Your SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf-df38g monthly 0.5 2024-03-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/ed083886-261d-4e02-b30f-2948142c2216/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-02-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15, 2024 Average weekly - 62% Peak Day - Wednesday 72% Low Day - Friday 38% We are a few weeks away from the 4th Anniversary of the day work from anywhere except the office began. We are planning a special edition of the Index for March 1st. Expect the following highlights in the “Anniversary Index”: · Positive news about the future of the office building industry. · A breakdown of leaders in the return to the office. · Challenges facing congestion and increasing transit use. As for the data in this week’s Index, there are some notable trends: · Some institutional plateauing has occurred below the Index. · More return mandates include obligations to work at least Monday or Friday. · Employers see the Index at 70% by the summer. For those who holiday around March Break enjoy the break. Your SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n-bkewf monthly 0.5 2024-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/6df4c8c9-81c6-4765-943e-a8da0eb2d4ba/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-02-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1, 2024 Average weekly - 60% Peak Day - Wednesday 70% Low Day - Friday 35% Research continues to uncover more complexity than meets the eye for both advocates of remote work and those wishing for higher levels of in-office work. It isn’t as straightforward as many would have suggested just 6 months ago. The employee advantage in the marketplace of 2021 and 2022 is rapidly changed to a more balanced market. What was once described as the Great Resignation is becoming known more accurately as a period of reassessment. Fewer people are switching jobs based on remote work policies even though companies are pressing for more in-office work. Europe’s return to the office figure are higher in most surveys by approximately 10% than American based office workers. As we approach the eve of the fourth anniversary of the ‘Great Office Shutdown’ the new normal for remote work is still being defined, We do expect to see more evidence of the relationship between in-office work as a percentage of remote or work from home later this Spring. Your SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86-8az2n monthly 0.5 2024-01-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f122c49a-4fb5-4ac3-8b35-855a4f5efd2f/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2024-01-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - January 15, 2024 Average weekly - 59% Peak Day - Wednesday 69% Slow Day - Friday 33% January always starts slowly but by January 19th the Index reached its highest level since the we began measuring the return. Every indication point to a continued trend back to in-office work. Most employers surveyed expect a modest but steady increase early in the year. Coordinating and organizing the return to maximize the in-office experience has become a major challenge for employers. Managing road congestion and a growing increase in the use of transit is the challenge for commuters. SRRA is exploring new strategies to improve travel times and transit efficiency critical to sustainable travels times. The next Index is scheduled for release during the week of February 12th. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Wishing you a prosperous New Year. Your SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm-9wt86 monthly 0.5 2024-01-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/0d9ad2e5-a936-45f7-a75d-0175f98c6ed4/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-12-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 15, 2023 Average weekly - 56% Peak Day - Wednesday 67% Slow Day - Friday 32% Although returning to work in the office is important for employers and the retail sector in downtown Toronto, a more pressing issue for all is the growing congestion in the city and the region. Experts continue to predict that immigration into the region will reach new levels, reducing congestion and increasing transit ridership will be the challenge for policy makers, politicians, and corporate leaders in 2024. We look forward to providing you with more ‘Return to the Office’ data but will also provide you with updates on the efforts to reduce congestion or the lack thereof. The next Index will cover the first half of January 2024, and is scheduled for release during the week of January 29th, 2024. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Best wishes for the New Year. Your SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc-cayfm monthly 0.5 2024-01-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c0cb59ee-daf8-4798-9c47-b85884420a19/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-12-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 1, 2023 Average weekly - 57% Peak Day - Wednesday 68% Slow Day - Friday 35% Prior to March 2020, remote work was generally implemented by employers in circumstances which benefitted both the employer and the employee. The pandemic changed that especially in companies where remote work had previously not been permitted. Employees, who could work remotely, experienced benefits not enjoyed while working in the office and for the most part were permitted considerable flexibility in determining where and when work was performed. Employers in 2023 began to gather the evidence necessary to determine the impact remote work was having on the culture of the workplace, productivity, and competitiveness. Our research supports the conclusion that 2024 will see both employers and employees reaching a more stable and permanent management of where office work is best performed. We look forward to sharing more on the anticipated steady state of remote work in the New Year. We pause our data collection during the December holidays. The next Index will cover the first half of January 2024, and is scheduled for release during the week of January 22nd, 2024. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Have a safe and enjoyable holiday season…. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm-yjpzc monthly 0.5 2023-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/47869c52-29e5-4f0f-a5c0-b6480d88b508/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-11-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 15, 2023 Average weekly - 56% Peak Day - Wednesday 69% Slow Day - Friday 33% There was little change in the Index over the first two weeks of November and only minor change throughout the week. Preliminary data for the balance of November suggests the momentum driving the return to the office, which has been steady throughout the year, has slowed. We do not foresee any significant change until the New Year. Calculating remote work productivity and understanding the impact of remote work on-office building use remain hot subjects. In the New Year, we expect to have more real data on both these indicators which will help inform a better understanding of the steady-state level of remote work. Many of you have asked if we adjust the Index for seasonal influences on in-office work. The only adjustment we make is simply not collecting data for the last two weeks of December. The next Index is scheduled for the week of Dec 17th, 2023. For membership information and how to participate in these events please contact idobson@srraresearch.org Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6-gwgsm monthly 0.5 2023-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/d491d347-6b7a-4faa-b7b8-564d666354f6/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-11-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 1, 2023 Average weekly - 56% Peak Day - Wednesday 71% Slow Day - Friday 32% See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. The conflict between the benefits enjoyed by employees staying home and employers’ insistence on more in-office work is increasingly being resolved to serve the interests of both sides. However, the choice for when in-office work is done is increasingly becoming the employer’s choice. Fridays became the default “Remote Work” day in some companies, but we are seeing a trend to returning the in-office work over 5 days. Still, it is too early to predict whether the hybrid week means only 4 days a week in the office or remote work spread out with the final choice depending on many factors. The future of office buildings remains a hot subject. But as we have noted before in this commentary, vacancy rates haves not peaked in comparison with other times when vacancy was generated by oversupply and business retrenchment. We will have more on this as we collect data on why some companies are planning to lease less space. In our next members only briefings, SRRA will review some of this research and lead a discussion on what it means for the future of remote work and the future of office space. For membership information and how to participate in these events please contact idobson@srraresearch.org The next Index is scheduled for the week of Dec 4th, 2023. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7-88sm6 monthly 0.5 2023-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/d0342505-8fe4-4233-9bc0-309574312bcf/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-10-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - Oct 15, 2023 Average weekly - 55% Peak Day - Wednesday 71% Slow Day - Friday 29% Mondays are beginning to attract more workers to the office while overall the Index shows a continued upward trend for the approximately 450,000 office workers in downtown Toronto. Productivity claims on both sides of the “value of remote work discussion” are basing their opinions on limited data and often without functionality context. It is becoming evident from our research that remote work will find a place in a company’s policy on where people work. It still isn’t clear, however, how productivity is impacting those decisions. In our next members only briefings, SRRA will review some of this research and lead a discussion on what it means for the future of remote work. For membership information and how to participate in these events please contact idobson@srraresearch.org The next Index is scheduled for the week of Nov 20th, 2023. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj-ls6b7 monthly 0.5 2023-10-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/3425e9fb-15dc-41ba-bd71-ba56b56dbcc1/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-10-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - Oct 1, 2023 Average weekly - 54% Peak Day - Wednesday 69% Slow Day - Monday 28% Research into the impact of remote work on productivity continues to highlight a considerable disagreement. Most studies rely on surveying personal opinion from either the perspective of employees or employers/managers. These research projects often result in widely differing outcomes. Some suggest a 30% increase in productivity others suggest the opposite. Given that there is very little research on remote work productivity prior to COVID, it isn’t surprising that speculation trumps evidence at this point as there is no baseline to be used for comparison and measurement. In our next members only briefings, SRRA will review some of this research and lead a discussion on what it means for the future of remote work. For membership information and how to participate in these events please contact idobson@srraresearch.org The next Index is scheduled for the week of Nov 6th, 2023. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/almhpga3keymzyj monthly 0.5 2023-10-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/fadadc98-cdb7-4d06-a72b-041a1bf9a24e/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-09-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 15, 2023 Average weekly - 53% Peak Day - Wednesday 69% Slow Day - Monday 26% The Index continues to average up. By September, the mid-week 3-day trend for employees scheduling in-office work continued. Wednesday, the peak day, is at an all time high of 69%. SRRA is compiling commentary and data from its interviews and research to determine what changes remote work, induced by the pandemic, will be permanent. Over the next month we will be publishing highlights of that research. For members of SRRA, in-depth commentary will start in November and continue through 2024. We invite non-members interested in receiving this commentary to consider joining SRRA The next Index is scheduled for week of Oct 18th, 2023. See the Articles of Interest below for some global perspective on the impact of remote work. Best wishes from the SRRA team. For membership details contact idobson@srraresearch.org http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl-n9jn2-z2lg5-sgm2g-xwswt-h7lx4 monthly 0.5 2023-08-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/dafba96d-a930-4065-8f17-6530aa535c11/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-08-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 1, 2023 Average weekly - 52% Peak Day - Wednesday 67% Slow Day - Monday 28% July continued to be a slow month in the office. However, there have been signs in the early part of August of potentially higher in-office numbers in September. See the articles of Interest for some eye-opening research on the impact of remote work. Otherwise, not unexpectedly, no material change this summer. The next Index is scheduled for week of Sept 11th, 2023. Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl-n9jn2-z2lg5-sgm2g-xwswt monthly 0.5 2023-08-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/3111a998-15b5-418a-97fe-ab3e568688d6/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-07-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 15, 2023 Average weekly - 51% Peak Day - Wednesday 68% Slow Day - Monday 27% Summer is usually a slow time for attendance in the office prior to COVID restrictions. Each year we adjust for the seasonal use of vacation time. Interviews confirm that companies are expecting a surge in attendance in September. Fridays continue to be the lowest day for in office work while Mondays are catching up to the peak days of Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. The next Index is scheduled for week of Aug 28th, 2023. And will be the last Index to adjust for seasonal vacation time. Enjoy your summer…. Best wishes from the SRRA team. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl-n9jn2-z2lg5-sgm2g monthly 0.5 2023-07-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/b00cf4c4-eff1-497b-b233-41f38b337bfb/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-07-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 1, 2023 Average weekly - 52% Peak Day - Wednesday 66% Slow Day - Monday 29% Attendance Mondays started to outperform Friday in June and is continuing to build while Fridays are actually seeing a reduction. Wednesdays are clearly becoming the busiest day while overall attendance continues to climb and has topped 50% for the last 9 weeks. This may indicate that the default remote days Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday were driven by employees’ desires. Employers’ concerns over training and employed advancement is not meeting pre-COVID levels. One reason is the poor presence of senior mentors throughout the week. Employers are also concerned that new employees are not being onboarded with the right message, a default to remote work by the employee. The result senior people are being asked to come in more often and at least once on a Monday and occasionally Friday. Summer is usually a slow time for attendance in the office due to holidays, but again we have not yet seen a significant drop yet. The next Index is scheduled for week of Aug 14th, 2023. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl-n9jn2-z2lg5 monthly 0.5 2023-07-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1b8b3727-b34e-48e3-b672-87d69cae56b1/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-06-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 15, 2023 Average weekly - 51% Peak Day - Wednesday 62% Slow Day - Monday 34% June continues to find more people returning to the office with a slight increase on Monday and Fridays. As discussed at the SRRA’s 18th Forum held this past month, exit survey data reveals that the top reasons for people leaving their jobs remain the same as pre-pandemic (career pathing, issues with leadership, compensation and work/life balance). Interviews reveal senior people are increasing their time in the office throughout the week to assist in mentoring young and new employees. Employers are developing new and more accurate sources of data on productivity revealing compelling reasons for in-office attendance. The canary in the coal mine for either the hybrid model or more allowable remote work will be productivity. New data is emerging showing productivity has fallen off since the first 9 months of the pandemic when the emergency application of remote work didn’t initially reduce productivity. The next Index is scheduled for week of July 26th, 2023. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl-n9jn2 monthly 0.5 2023-06-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/ae2da89f-f4b8-44ac-a367-b8e6ec5e8cae/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-06-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 1, 2023 Average weekly - 51% Peak Day - Wednesday 62% Slow Day - Monday & Friday 31% At the 18th SRRA Forum held last week, experts discussed challenges to the region’s economy that are a direct impact of the pandemic. First, was an enhanced focus on Human Resources and how employers are managing an employee driven marketplace, next was the degree remote work will change the office industry, road congestion and transit on the streets and finally the economic Impact of COVID. The Forum concluded that most challenges find there roots in pre-COVID trends and that the sustaining impact of COVID is currently overstated. Toronto, like many other comparable cities, is slowly returning to a new norm where the majority of office work is returning to offices while establishing how much remote work is effective is still a work in progress Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b-443sl monthly 0.5 2023-06-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/13e796ed-d436-4244-b3d7-dffe0e757265/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-05-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 15, 2023 Average weekly - 49% Peak Day - Wednesday 59% Slow Day - Monday & Friday 28% The steady return to the office continues despite repeated claims that the office industry will be greatly impacted. In the 25 years before COVID, over 5 million sq ft of office space in the region had been torn down and replaced by new residential construction as a normal industry trend driven by real estate economics. The degree to which that continues will depend on many factors some of which are well described in the Articles of Interest below. The data tells us that well over 90% of employees are attending the office to some degree every month, few are working exclusively remotely. The question remains. “What will be the new normal for in-office work”? Remote work was 5% before COVID, it currently sits at 50% and slowly but steadily declining, where will it level off? The next Index is scheduled for week of June 21st, 2023. Your SRRA Team, http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s-ly26b monthly 0.5 2023-05-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/15eca8c6-7427-4643-8fa9-1b6a1f414e7a/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-05-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 1, 2023 Average weekly - 49% Peak Day - Wednesday %61 Slow Day - Friday 27% People often ask, “What does the Index measure?” Simply put, before COVID, 77% of all people employed in offices actually went to the office daily over a five-day week. The other 23% of employees were either on sick leave, vacation, personal days, traveling for work, or working remotely. The data collected for the Index only counts the number of people coming into the office on a five day a week basis. Therefore, the Index is calculated by dividing the number attending the office currently by the number that attended before COVID. Should the Index reach 100% that would represent the same number of people who attended the office before COVID, i.e., not counting the normal absences due to reasons referred to above. The next Index is scheduled for week of June 6 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj-knj7s monthly 0.5 2023-05-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c488f77b-d6e9-4653-858d-ab64df5953ad/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-04-15+.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 15, 2023 Average weekly - 47% Peak Day - Wednesday 59% Slow Day - Friday 27% Advances continue through April. See several Articles of Interest below which underscore the tension between employers and employees over when and how remote work should be managed. The next Index is scheduled for May 25th, 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t-dn3fj monthly 0.5 2023-04-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/bc66a27a-76dc-465f-92fa-718e9ccb5f22/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-04-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 1, 2023 Average weekly - 45% Peak Day - Wednesday 58% Slow Day - Friday 27% Employers are beginning to invest in office facilities to attract workers back, a tangible sign that they are trying to encourage a return to the office. New more collaborative space which have the amenities of home and address the cost of coming to the office may continue to reduce remote work. Variations of the hybrid model where employees choose when and where to work is not meeting the needs of employers. It is evident from interviews that most employers who are measuring productivity relative to where employees are working are finding a need to increase office attendance. At the same time employers are supporting remote work where it is working. See several Articles of Interest below which underscore the tension between employers and employees over when and how remote work should be managed. The next Index is scheduled for April 27th, 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl-bcc8t monthly 0.5 2023-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c9d0d670-e824-4c80-83bf-6131d9caa431/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-03-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 15, 2023 Average weekly - 43% Peak Day - Wednesday 54% Slow Day - Friday 29% The return to the office momentum slowed during the March break but recovered afterward. CEOs are reporting that remote work is particularly harmful for youth career pathing largely because senior experienced employees are staying home at an alarming rate reducing opportunities for in-person mentoring and collaboration. Research conducted by SRRA in London and New York indicates that remote work is at similar rates in the heart of both cities and is having the same impact on productivity and training development. Corporate leadership in those cities is requiring a return to the office for as much as 90% of pre-COVID levels. The attached links to articles underscore the issues facing employers whose employees avoid the office. As one senior executive put it, ‘it’s hard to separate and focus on work while the distractions of home life constantly break concentration throughout the day’. As another executive pointed out, ‘the commute provides the opportunity for quiet time to prepare for work on the way in and refocus on home and other activities on the way home, this is being ignored in the discussion on remote work.’ The next Index is scheduled for week of April 10th. 2023. Your SRRA team http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t-f89bl monthly 0.5 2023-03-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f210e95e-5d7d-4808-83aa-17746e5f4387/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-03-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 1, 2023 Average weekly - 43% Peak Day - Wednesday 55% Slow Day - Friday 32% More and more research is challenging the long-term benefits of the hybrid model asserted by many proponents. As companies work their way through the implementation of the hybrid model, lessons are being learned about measuring productivity, recognizing the increased time to train and develop talent and the deleterious effects of working in isolation especially when separating employment work from non-employment activity. Technological advances are enabling more effective remote work conditions which will permit flexibility in choosing where to work, but it is still too early to predict how much and for whom. Our interviews with some of the largest employers continue to reveal frustration with too little in-person work and the deterioration of output in specific cases especially when the choice of work location is random and driven by employee preference. Employers continue to voice concern about this imbalance and about when it will resolve itself. Stay well, your SRRA team. The next Index is scheduled for week of March 27th, 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh-6m67t monthly 0.5 2023-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/b95e7fc6-d653-4833-a489-83d588a5b2f1/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-02-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15, 2023 Average weekly - 42% Peak Day - Wednesday 54% Slow Day - Monday 33% Mangers and employees alike continue to struggle with finding an effective balance between managing “In-Office” and “Remote” work. The expected post Christmas increase in the return to the office has slowed in February. The overall figures are off by 1%. The gap between companies with high rates of in-office work and low rates continues to increase. The difference is greatest between midsized enterprise and large employers. Some companies, mostly smaller and midsized ones are reporting 60% and greater while others remain below the average, despite renewed calls by large enterprise CEOs to return to the office. This week’s links primarily deal with the significant cost public administrators are facing with the downtown economies and the maintaining service on transit networks across the globe. Stay well, your SRRA team. The next Index is scheduled for week of March 13th 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth-n3ceh monthly 0.5 2023-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/b3c9102e-cd55-4620-88cf-736c4ad1f31a/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-02-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1, 2023 Average weekly - 43% Peak Day - Wednesday 56% Slow Day - Monday 33% Managing “In-Office” work and “Remote” work continues to challenge employers and employees. We expect the post Christmas surge to level off while companies who have mandated as much as 60% to 80% “In-Office” work seek to achieve higher employee attendance. The trend toward high mid-week office work is starting to show some signs of levelling, but we can’t tell from the data yet whether this trend will continue. Our contributors confirm that long commuting times are an impediment to returning to the office. SRRA is working on strategies which reduce commuting times with business leadership, road and transit operators. Should you wish to participate contact SRRA. We look forward to sharing these ideas with Index readers. Stay well, your SRRA team. The next Index is scheduled for the week of February 23rd, 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg-w2lth monthly 0.5 2023-01-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c5cfc66d-18eb-4751-ab3c-41ad93d0e40c/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2023-01-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - January 15, 2023 Average weekly - 42% Peak Day - Wednesday 57% Slow Day - Monday 29% While the beginning of the year, shows signs of more employees back in the office, a number of major companies expect this number to move up substantially in the next 3 months. Monday and Friday continue to attract fewer people than mid week, expect this to prevail. Two words resonate in interviews with tenants, flexibility, and productivity. While many employers are permitting employees to be flexible while planning both home and work, employers are concerned about productivity and maintaining a competitive edge. The next Index is scheduled for the week of February 8th 2023. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx-kltdg monthly 0.5 2023-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/de2a073e-50e9-4fd7-adf0-f1baa7d9e349/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-12-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index December 15, 2022 Average weekly - 38% Peak Day - Wednesday 52% Slow Day - Monday 24% We are beginning to receive a reasonable amount of in week attendance data which we will now be posted beside the graph for the average weekday in-office work. The next Index will be published January 25th and cover the first 2 weeks of 2023. Have a good holiday week…. http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2-9s3wx monthly 0.5 2022-11-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/a0515513-d12d-4754-9ee7-a17c6c82ea96/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-11-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t-647a2 monthly 0.5 2022-11-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/2633b551-9016-4b1e-91e5-264978e167a8/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-11-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e-h282t monthly 0.5 2022-10-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/75b71dd5-b4ed-42bc-bdcd-14ac61b72317/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-10-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx-gar5e monthly 0.5 2022-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/bb87ffea-23d7-4ed6-8594-86381cfefa82/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-10-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf-tercx monthly 0.5 2022-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/64a1a060-ab3a-4a69-afc4-efe7286082ba/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-09-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r-s3tsf monthly 0.5 2022-09-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/14cdf034-08e3-499f-86ea-483fb5fe7ad4/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-09-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek-82t5r monthly 0.5 2022-08-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/4fe7cce5-6598-4151-8ad0-1da3afbcacb2/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-08-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4-ynwek monthly 0.5 2022-08-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/f2d83690-685f-421d-a5ba-d4b6d75ded9d/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-08-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - August 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p-9j3c4 monthly 0.5 2022-07-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/0abcbe82-dca3-4108-b7c8-e48320f53aa2/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-07-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw-hpy5p monthly 0.5 2022-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/d96a0df6-e3b8-48bd-8cfa-edccbf100092/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-07-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - July 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy-4j8tw monthly 0.5 2022-06-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/39e08966-f7e5-4cc1-bb95-37d58bfd20c2/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-06-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95-fnkdy monthly 0.5 2022-06-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c0fa6057-1e06-4e3e-90e0-5f0503a35c47/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-06-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - June 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm-2hy95 monthly 0.5 2022-05-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/6a873bb0-c276-4d63-9d56-07b41f7c8b8e/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-05-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj-ym8wm monthly 0.5 2022-05-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/763e421b-6258-4f1e-80d7-8393c79ea6b9/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-05-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - May 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/jwzawy2w5cn7scj monthly 0.5 2022-04-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/ce34679d-38c2-47b0-8a1f-b0853c64925f/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-04-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456-tfdhs-yblhd-z28gg-sr6pd-28rm6 monthly 0.5 2022-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/5b22e6cb-633c-42f4-835b-15e2d2dd97fd/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-04-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - April 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456-tfdhs-yblhd-z28gg-sr6pd monthly 0.5 2022-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/5550d41e-5652-4d6a-a8e0-a8724f0a8c64/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-03-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456-tfdhs-yblhd-z28gg monthly 0.5 2022-03-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/8f16ef8f-e8a9-49ed-a5eb-f9c67e9f194e/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-03-06+.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456-tfdhs-yblhd monthly 0.5 2022-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c04a5ad3-9f84-48df-99cf-3d851a9fd5be/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-02-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456-tfdhs monthly 0.5 2022-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/660c607a-dd3e-443b-a5c5-5dce60bb0867/occupancy+index+%28report%29+2022-02-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl-59456 monthly 0.5 2022-01-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1d4cbc63-7ea2-4c09-99cb-d03d42ba5752/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2022-01-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - January 15, 2022 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf-hdjrl monthly 0.5 2022-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/fcb56f41-3e77-4a16-bc2e-d9e03219ccd2/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-12-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 15 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8-glepf monthly 0.5 2021-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/36960372-1973-4016-9a9e-238f44d4bbf7/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-12-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 1 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj-8eye8 monthly 0.5 2021-11-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/9d49cf2d-77eb-447a-8fcd-5790860a88db/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-11-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 15 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth-gxcmj monthly 0.5 2021-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/c44d290c-143a-49ba-8ca0-5ae96fcfed13/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-11-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - November 1 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah-3xrth monthly 0.5 2021-10-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/a07968e6-c46a-42f9-adbf-c8ba490efbfb/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-10-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 15 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda-apnah monthly 0.5 2021-10-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1633560852886-B616EZ5VD7E524FGF499/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-10-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - October 1 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2-slkda monthly 0.5 2021-09-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1632442606536-R4QJZ36DR3G97WHQVZLC/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-09-15.png COVID - Occupancy Index - September 15 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe-6ywf4-hx7fn-m387z-mspkl-9b75e-fwh7n-ehmk8-2wl93-6j8dg-dffct-tksf2 monthly 0.5 2021-09-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1631197611593-UKOTZPJR3UWLBTQP8EUN/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-09-01.png COVID - 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Occupancy Index - April 1 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99-l4ahe monthly 0.5 2021-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1616503728818-LP83D62O65341ZS8C0CU/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-03-22+.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 15 http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq-pyc99 monthly 0.5 2021-03-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1615589614688-D39OFOC7VWRR3DO1QK6B/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-03-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - March 1st http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/20/qfx96uzbkfpzbwqkjrgigg8uhw5hqq monthly 0.5 2021-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1613833214189-O1J1UB7G4KJ8L2K66JC5/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-02-19++%281%29.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 15th http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/2/5/occupancy-index-january-31st monthly 0.5 2021-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1613832028217-5JWY55ZISZGAML7SP774/occupany+index+%28report%29%2C++2021-02-01.png COVID - Occupancy Index - February 1st http://srraresearch.org/covid/2021/1/18/occupancy-index-january-15th monthly 0.5 2021-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1610979783319-IUTNZWZG3LLD4TLK5BD6/occupany+index+%28standalone%29%2C++2021-01-15+.png COVID - Occupancy Index - January 15th http://srraresearch.org/covid/2020/12/17/occupancy-index-december-15th monthly 0.5 2021-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1608220553507-KBC7M2ACE062ACG0JAFY/occupany+index+%28standalone%29%2C++2020-12-16+.png COVID - Occupancy Index - December 15th http://srraresearch.org/covid/2020/12/9/assessing-the-impact-of-covid-restrictions-on-torontos-downtown-economy-summary-of-findings monthly 0.5 2021-01-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1609952721920-LXO4CUQNSVUNJHCPTTEY/pexels-jessica-stockdill-4401834.jpg COVID - Assessing the Impact of COVID restrictions on Toronto’s Downtown Economy - Summary of Findings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1607608068326-FWL0L1H70CJBBZ67OHH7/Summary+Version+-+Economic+Impact+of+COVID+on+Downtown+7+December+2020+FINAL1024_3.jpg COVID - 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Assessing the Impact of COVID restrictions on Toronto’s Downtown Economy - Summary of Findings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1607544485298-2OSV8QUXIFPLWEVL5UQO/Toronto+Financial+District.jpg COVID - Assessing the Impact of COVID restrictions on Toronto’s Downtown Economy - Summary of Findings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1607544603861-W1MQAOXDAEN31RL0BW6R/Waterfront.jpg COVID - Assessing the Impact of COVID restrictions on Toronto’s Downtown Economy - Summary of Findings http://srraresearch.org/covid/2020/12/9/assessing-the-impact-of-covid-restrictions-on-torontos-downtown-economy monthly 0.5 2021-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1607542004422-KRAWKEYL5R29P5KIKLX6/Picture1.jpg COVID - Assessing the Impact of COVID restrictions on Toronto’s Downtown Economy - Full Report https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52e56487e4b06bec4dd7898a/1607608651243-QQ1H58ZDJB08TDOAEEHB/Economic+Impact+of+COVID+on+Downtown+7+December+2020+FINAL1024_4.jpg COVID - 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