Occupancy Index

Occupancy Index - May 1, 2022

Comments–

The significant voluntary return in April established an employee preference for a partial week centred on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. There are several companies who are still below 5% and whose plans are focused on a back to the office strategy for September.  

 At the same time there are also companies who are already at 40% or greater normalized over a 5 day work week. From our recent interviews transit does not appear to be the most important consideration as it was earlier in the pandemic

Stay safe, your SRRA team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

CBRE using post-pandemic uncertainty to trial an office designed for a hybrid world

After U.S. national mask mandate struck down, most large cities ‘encouraging’ commuters to stay masked – some even providing free masks for patrons to help raise ‘comfort level’

Changing government policies on return to the office illustrate the minefield represented by WFH vs in-office practices

Co-Working sites attracting attention from investors in U.S. and Canada

Calls for transit agencies to step back and take a more holistic view of their bus networks. Would such a move help TTC and GO reorganize some of their routes?

The U.K. government is channeling significant funds to spark innovation in the country’s transport system

 If nothing else, the tug between WFH and return to the office is giving opinion writers a bonanza!

 “The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - April 15, 2022

Comments–

There are moments when the core seems to be back to life. But the data still shows that people are reluctant to come downtown on a regular basis. Employers are attempting to make the hybrid model work, but employees are not voluntarily giving up the flexibility and cost savings of a partial return to the office.

Most major employers are attempting to implement return strategies for late April and May, but the take up hasn’t materialized in significant use of the TTC or GO. Mondays and Fridays are now the ‘work from anywhere but the office’ days.

Stay safe, your SRRA team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

After U.S. national mask mandate struck down, most large cities ‘encouraging’ commuters to stay masked – some even providing free masks for patrons to help raise ‘comfort level’

Changing government policies on return to the office illustrate the minefield represented by WFH vs in-office practices

Co-Working sites attracting attention from investors in U.S. and Canada

Calls for transit agencies to step back and take a more holistic view of their bus networks. Would such a move help TTC and GO reorganize some of their routes?

The U.K. government is channeling significant funds to spark innovation in the country’s transport system

 “The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - April 1, 2022

Comments–

Many companies are now planning significant return to the office in April. Plans vary from 100% return by some small firms to variations of a partial and more obligatory attendance in the office. As a result, the Index may reach 25% by the end of the month.

Most companies are more insistent on some form of attendance in the office, however, an increase in sickness due to a resurgent in variations may dampen that enthusiasm. We are now seeing parking occupancy nearing capacity and an increase in subway use in the core.

Stay safe, your SRRA team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

This NYT articles offers a brief ‘good news’ respite from talk of hybrid work patterns. Sometimes we need an outside observer to remind us what is happening in our own back yard

Local transit riders typically keep the guard up, for now...

Co-working space undergoing a revival?

Comparing events attendance to a return to the office shows continuing resistance in the U.S.

Even if workers return, will local retailers/restaurants feel the benefit? U.S. examples suggest that food delivery apps may try to muscle in to serve returning workers

U.S. employers brace for continued uncertainty, split decisions on hybrid versus mandated return to the office

Time for Midtown Manhattan decision makers to hold their nerve? With one the most previously vibrant office clusters in the U.S. currently performing below par, New York planners are resisting temptation to open the gates to adaptive re-use.  A true test for policy makers.

Pessimistic perspective from the U.S. on prospects for the recovery of municipal revenues as downtown economies continue to suffer

Major bank survey suggests that return to work numbers have peaked in many jurisdictions – suburbs outperforming central areas

 “The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - March 15, 2022

Comments–

Suits are once again filling up the PATH. Many are returning to the downtown for the first time since last Fall. While March break may have slowed the momentum some, there is no question that permitted voluntary return to the office is finally being taken up.

From our interviews, we anticipate 25% return by the end of April.  While some companies are requiring attendance in the office some of the week, few are requiring more. Only a handful of companies insist on a full return. Office space in the 905 is has reached 30% occupancy for the first time.

Stay safe, your SRRA team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

 If you read nothing else in this batch of links, please take a moment to read the wise comments from Google’s CEO

Or maybe this piece from the Economist. Many of the insights in this article would seem to be intuitive but that of course goes against the grain of the hopes for hybrid working pitched by so many….

U.S. survey suggests that women who left the work workforce during WFH are starting to return

Oxford misfires on its welcome back to the office signage

U.S. markets probably a cycle ahead of Toronto’s return to the office but employers forced to be creative in persuading workers it’s a good idea to come back

Texas always bigger than life size – claims most progress on return to the office

“The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - March 1, 2022

Comments–

The second anniversary of COVID in Canada and the March break for students is upon us. Though March may not see a further spike in the Index, expect more companies to start putting plans for work in the office into action.

From our interviews, employee demand for some in office time and employer’s efforts to reorganize the employee experience will push the Index to 25% by the end of April and possibly more. Office space in the 905 is already over the 25% occupancy level and this week’s articles below reveal a more bullish attitude to in office work.

Stay safe, your SRRA team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

Remote vs. office work: Don’t obsess over what employees want, instead answer these questions

Toronto mayor leading by example, encouraging people to return to the office

The banking sector in Toronto steps up with a decision to bring workers back to the office in March

Meanwhile, in the U.S. the return to working in the office is uneven at best – New York mayor pushing for a rapid return

Hybrid – No longer a term confined to cars!  Employers struggling to manage their way through conflicting messages…many firms see their workers in the driver’s seat when dictating work patterns

Meanwhile, in Chicago…a survey of top executives brings unexpected, unequivocal support for a return to the office (“Companies are finding out that while this experiment has shown we can do things differently, it’s also shown why people congregate in offices in the first place”)

 

“The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - February 15, 2022

Impact of Reduced Restrictions –

 Activity since Valentines Day has increased, and early indications are that employers will start bringing people back in earnest in March. Transit use remains low in the subways serving office space despite the extensive efforts of the TTC to reduce the Omicron transmission risk.

 Our limited data on 905 office space indicates that as much as 25% of office workers are back in the office in suburban parks. This underscores the importance of building confidence in public transportation to enable a stronger return in the Downtown. Stay safe, your SRRA Team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

In a lengthy list of places where COVID restrictions are to be lifted, the province manages to avoid mentioning offices! At last count, there were nearly half a million office jobs in the GTA alone, whose presence in the office contributes significantly the economic welfare of local retail, restaurants and more.

U.S. companies focusing on redesign of office space as survey shows few choosing to reduce their footprint

More uncertainty around working from home reported in the U.S., with employers clearly nervous about pushing staff too hard with hard and fast mandates to end WFH

Interesting podcast on approaches being tried in the U.S. to lure workers back to the office

The U.K. office market is seeing a focus on refurbishment as employers use the pandemic as turning point for how to best organize their space – and make it more sustainable at the same time

 Zoom stocks down, hotel stocks up. A fascinating glimpse of the changing fortunes of video conferencing vs hotel occupancy levels.

 An academic claims that that offices of the future will just be a place for workers to socialize. Probably important that we all need to learn how to spot commentary from advocates who search for evidence that fits their world view.

“The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - February 1, 2022

OMICRON VARIANT

A voluntary return to the office, during the second half of January, resulted in a slight increase in the Index. The Province has started to relax restrictions meant to slow the spread of Omicron. This should have an impact on the February 15th Index. Overall, employers are still unprepared to provide firm dates on return-to-work strategies.

The use of transit remains a key roadblock for many office workers in the downtown core. SRRA conducted a limited study of the return to the office in the 905 and found a higher level of voluntary in office workers. More on this in the next Index. Stay safe, your SRRA Team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

Hot desking (hoteling) was originally designed as a cost-saving measure for accounting firms and the like whose staff spent lots of time at the offices of clients but this article provides examples of some bumps in the road that show up when the concept is applied more generally

Dramatic shifts in travel patterns caused by COVID forcing the TTC to re-think its revenue tools?

News flash! Younger workers need places to live when they leave home.

New York governor challenges workers to return to the office, dismissing concerns about safety, showing support for restaurants and other businesses that depend on office workers to thrive

And now for something completely different. Tired of reading about the impact of the pandemic? Try the report cited in this link which explores why people get passionate and protective about their cities. We talk a lot about the importance of ‘place,’ but this takes the concept to a new level

Boston Consulting Group regularly surveys Australian businesses to plot changes in hopes and expectations regarding the future of work and changes in the workplace. The latest such survey “uncovered a disparity between what employees want and what employers think they want.” Check out this link to see their full report which tracks changing ‘sentiments’ over three waves of COVID

  “The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - January 15, 2022

OMICRON VARIANT

SRRA conducted a series of interviews to gauge employer’s response to Omicron. Two things were consistently mentioned. Firstly, most employers have already prepared physical conditions for returning employees to permit social distancing for between 30% and 50% of their labour force. Secondly, once governments and medical experts agree to lift restrictions, implementing a new normal will be iterative and not sudden permitting employees and companies time to adjust.

This may result in reaching new levels of occupancy - 30% by Spring. But it is too early to say when a significant return will follow.   -    Stay safe your SRRA Team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Dig beneath the headlines! 

New variant scuttles progress on return to the office

 Toronto – like most centres – showing stalled momentum for return to office due to Omicron

 The Economist’s take on WFH as a long-term concept (may require logging in to their site)

 Companies in Canada still a long way from taking action like Google’s latest salvo on vaccines

 Moving around London could become a problem if things don’t look up for TfL?

 Some see providing return to the office technology and advice as a revenue stream

 The push and pull over WFH – some workers prefer it, but most employers don’t want to cede control

 Changing perspectives on Omicron impact but the WHO still advising caution

  “The Occupancy Index is supported by the City of Toronto, Financial District BIA, Bloor-Yorkville BIA, The Waterfront BIA, Downtown Yonge BIA, St Lawrence Market BIA and Toronto Entertainment District BIA. It is a measure of the percentage of office employees returning to the office compared to the number of employees who would normally have come to their offices pre-COVID. For a detailed description of the calculation please contact Iain Dobson at [email protected],”

Occupancy Index - December 15

Comments –

Omicron has driven many office workers back home, but not as many as we thought. Our data for the first half of December does not reflect the impact of Omicron as much as last week, however, this time of year sees a normal drop for the Holidays. As we did in 2020 we will not be publishing the Index for the second half of December. The Next Index will come out in late January. The Index is funded by the City of Toronto, six major BIAs in the Financial core and the members of SRRA, thank you!

Wishing you and your families the best for the Holiday Season - the SRRA Team.

Links to Articles of Interest

Take the time to read the articles, not just the headlines! 

The Five-Day Office Week Isn’t Coming Back. WFH Is Here to Stay

 A new wave of Covid uncertainty is upending business plans from Wall Street to Silicon Valley.

Will future viruses demand employees to work from home?

What is the future of Wall Street as Omicron takes over?  

Occupancy Index - December 1

Occupancy Index - November 15

Comments –

Employers are beginning to express confidence in a return to the office policy which permits some WFH. Mid January is looking like an important test period for understanding how employees will respond to a back in the office component of where they work. Activity downtown on Mondays and Fridays is increasing. The Tuesday to Thursday phenomenon pervasive in the early Fall is beginning to spread out and the use of transit is increasing steadily, however, we remain in early stages of the return to the office.

stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

Take the time to read the articles, not just the headlines! 

Will Canadian firms get a look in? Will the demand for expertise on infrastructure south of the border create shortages on this side of the borders?

Is it time to look seriously at the age of the Toronto region’s building stock?  Questions are being asked south of the border.

The search for talent and the challenge of retaining talent is a global affair.

U.S. office investors are bullish on the future of the office.

What Bosses Really Think About the Future of the Office. C.E.O.s are eager for employees to return — and afraid of alienating those who have grown accustomed to working from home.

Occupancy Index - November 1

Comments –

Other measurements of activity using algorithms from cell phone locations confirm that more people are choosing to return to the downtown. SRRA’s Index measuring the return of office workers specifically indicates that commuters are reaching their maximum use of the car. Parking lots are filling up, traffic is nearing pre-COVID levels and the delivery of goods and services continues to escalate.

The trend toward a Tuesday to Thursday hybrid model will present problems for transit operators, retailers and cultural businesses who rely on a more complete work week. That said the return is still in its early stages with much to learn over the next few months.

The links below highlight the difficulties for employers organizing a hybrid model.

Links to Articles of Interest

Take the time to read the articles, not just the headlines! 

Take newspaper headlines with a pinch of salt! Important to read the actual report to which ‘experts’ are reacting. (And check against SRRA’s robust data on office occupancy trends if still unconvinced.)

Myths and misunderstandings about the perils of taking transit during the pandemic need to be countered by research – scientists in London finding no traces of virus on system so far

New York shopping streets in neighbourhoods faring better than major retail corridors – less office worker foot traffic to blame say analysts

Ernst & Young survey suggests that large companies may downplay role of head office as impact of hybrid sees few companies laying down specifics about WFH

Residential developers clean up in U.S. suburban metros as pandemic spurs unprecedented demand from empty nesters and young professionals leaving the core. Is this indicative of the Toronto region’s experience?

Corporate remote working policies and desire for flexibility an issue of concern for U.S. office workers – PwC survey.  Employees still in the driver’s seat? Depends on the size and type of business

  

Occupancy Index - October 15

Comments –

The holiday weekend may have had an impact on the increased return to the office. We nevertheless expect an increase in the Index by the end of October, possibly nearing 15%.

We note a particularly interesting strategy evolving. Tata CS in India, a 550,000 plus employer, has reversed its plans for a hybrid model. (That’s people, not cars!) Instead they will require most employees to return in the next three months and THEN work out the optimum hybrid solution. They argue that they need to build corporate culture after such a long period of maximum WFH.

For more; https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/why-tcs-employees-will-work-from-office-before-they-return-to-wfh-7572691.html/amp

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

Take the time to read the articles, not just the headlines! 

Banker questions ability of employers to build and sustain a company culture working from home

 Positive trends in the U.S. as office workers start coming into the office again

 Only in New York! Retail investor hires artist to create inspiring murals – could this happen in Toronto?

 WeWork in London emphasizing pro-active positivity to persuade people to return to the office

 ‘In the move to remote work, we are losing our sense of connection to the workplace’…Not everyone will agree with the author’s emphasis but worth a read

 

Occupancy Index - October 1

Comments –

The return to the office momentum continues but companies are treading very carefully on mandating a return. Some institutional organizations are permitting organized meetings in office which may be a sign that the gradual return will hold through the Fall.

Earlier in the pandemic there have been spikes in cases after major holidays. After Thanksgiving many observers are waiting to see how cases and especially hospitalizations are impacted as a mini-litmus test of progress to date. This will be reflected in the November Index.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

Take the time to read the articles, not just the headlines! 

 An ‘advertorial’ highlighting the views of Colliers in the Report on Business (Globe and Mail, October 5) claims ‘We just don’t see people returning to the office.’  The article itself (which isn’t available digitally) is actually quite balanced, noting the challenges associated with hybrid arrangements.

Office sector outlook picking up steam in large centres like Toronto

Canadian companies delay return to office amid Delta variant concerns

Delayed return to the office proposed by Quebec

Vancouver optimism for return to the office also affected by Delta variant surge

Rents rebound as office workers and students return 

Boom town conditions in Chicago in all sectors, including small unit rentals, even though a sports team threatening to leave

London decision makers concerned about impact of booming logistics sector that would pre-empt options for housing development

A timely overview of the risk to the TTC of sustained COVID related ridership reduction. 

 

Occupancy Index - September 15

Comments –

The slow but steady return to the office has been driven by employees who are choosing to come in voluntarily. Expect the Index to continue to rise and accelerate as and when employers firm up policies regarding who can come into the office and when and how much WFH is permitted.

Some large institutional office employers are allowing more staff to resume in office work but under strictly monitored and documented procedures. Insights from human resources professionals suggest that managing employee-driven WFH arrangements is a complex matter. We will no doubt see the emergence of more effective strategies to allow for a percentage of the workforce to WFH, post-COVID as the impact of the 4th wave is better understood.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

An alternative ‘activity index’ on office occupancy suggests Toronto is lagging its competitors

Commuters returning to transit in London

Looking for certainty on the future of office work? Still too many diverse viewpoints to build consensus (this is a longer read but well worth the time)

Occupancy Index - September 1

Comments –

We are seeing more and more companies allowing for some voluntary return in September. Traffic volume downtown is close to 75% of pre-COVID levels and parking garages are reporting the highest levels since the pandemic began and auto travel is reaching its limits. The TTC just celebrated its 100th anniversary and as a present from employers and mandatory vaccine policies, most returning commuters will be able to travel safely in the TTC.

January 1st 2022 seems to be the date many companies are planning to reach their post-pandemic normal. Many report that so much depends on the hospital capacity and severity of the fourth wave. We expect 10% to be achievable in September provided the largest employers open up to more voluntary return.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

New York-based companies seem to be most definitive on vaccine requirements

and this on vaccine mandates

Meanwhile in London…

BizNow audio series on Future of Office worth a listen

and cities need office workers

5G and other tech innovations will help shape a ‘new look’ office environment

Hybrid work risks becoming the next ‘career killer’ for women

Just when you thought you were beginning to understand the direction of trends for a return to the office….

Occupancy Index - August 15

occupany index (report), 2021-08-15.png

Comments –

Activity in the core of the City has certainly picked up over the summer and so has the Occupancy Index, a measure of how many office employees are returning to the office on a weekly basis and most are returning on a voluntary basis. Interviews conducted with employers indicate that plans to return are still subject to the impact of changing COVID conditions.

Last September, the temporary return to school led to spike in office attendance which we expect to happen again this September. The question remains, will this start to see a substantial return or not. .

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

You must be vaccinated to gain entry to our offices – an increasingly common message that begs the question “how could it be otherwise?”

TTC and Metrolinx relatively well-off compared to the MTA in New York – said to be comparable to financial four alarm fire according to MTA officials

Mixed messages on the return to the office – beware “trends” where the explainer has a vested interest in the outcomes

Housing affordability returns to the top of the agenda in the U.S. – recalling the experience of places like Boston a decade or so ago that lost employers as a result of steep housing costs…is it time to re-link the issues of transit, office location and housing affordability in the GTA?

Not the kind of move that Toronto’s financial core would want to see

Occupancy Index - August 1

occupany index (report), 2021-08-01 .png

Comments –

Though many facets of pre-COVID life are re-emerging consistent occupancy in office buildings has not occurred yet. Employers are working out details of return policies while more and more employees are voluntarily coming back. Activity has increased in the downtown core and the Index is increasing.

Look for plus 10% and more in the very near future.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

New York’s mayor walking a fine line on masks to maintain progress on COVID while avoiding conflicts

But New York’s governor is taking a harder line….

Good news for London commuters, TfL and employers – research indicates that commuters have little to fear

Worth keeping track of this series on the ‘future of work’

and this one ‘It’s Just A Room: Productivity And The Return To The Office’

Delta variant causing tech companies to re-think their opening plans 

Are those pushing for a hybrid future for office work simply not wanting to be wrong?

Occupancy Index - July 15

occupany index (report), 2021-07-15.png

Comments –

Governments are encouraging double vaccinated workers to return to the office where possible. More and more midsized and smaller companies are now seeing 20% and more of their employees at least a few days a week. This trend is not as visible in larger institutional employers many of whom have reported no change to date.

As a result, we are forecasting a steady increase over the summer to as much as 15% by mid Sept, provided no major change is reported in the number of COVID cases in the region.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

Toronto’s business leaders start to express their frustration with passive approach by others, echoing their counterparts in London and New York.

What Will Remote Work Flexibility Look Like After Covid-19 Has Come And Gone? A New Survey Has Answers

Return to work patterns in New York show a ‘slow burn’ with huge impacts on transit agencies as commuters still able to drive due to unusually open roads – reports on worker opinions continue to demonstrate ambivalence regarding coming back to the office

Boris Johnston to give green light for those who want to return to the office but holds off ‘encouragement’ – pointing to a divergence of opinion within government

Occupancy Index - July 1

occupany index (report), 2021-07-01.png

Comments –

The City of Toronto has officially recognized, last week, the importance of a return of downtown office workers. The joint campaign with the Board of Trade includes insights by among others SRRA’s research and represents an important change in ‘official’ attitudes with respect to a return to the office. Its time to start implementing the plans employers have been working on.

Major employers in cities around the world, NYC 24.5%. London 20% for example, are bringing employees back to the office in financial core office clusters. In Toronto, where double vaccinations are leading the country, the office worker in downtown Toronto is still staying home. The increase by July 1st to 6% occupancy is being led by individuals rediscovering the office and as of yet few employers are insisting on a return while regulators maintain restrictions. Look for this to start changing in July with significant change in August.

… stay safe - the SRRA Team

Links to Articles of Interest

Finally – Toronto starts to mobilize a back to the office movement

City and Board of Trade offer up ‘playbook’ to help firms get workers back at the desks

Survey pokes holes in aspirations to continue working from home

Momentum shifting quickly to a return to the office in New York

More insights into preparing for hybrid work environments

An important point about the value of investing in transportation to help the economy grow

NY Times piece underscores how U.S. and Canadian cities are not necessarily comparable.

The pandemic has worn many office workers down, leaving them vulnerable and uncertain

Companies in London starting to second guess decisions to put space on the market

Insights that create measurable results